Routing Protocols in Modern Networks: AI-Enabled Approaches and Future Directions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63282/3050-9262.IJAIDSML-V4I1P118Keywords:
Secure Routing, AI-Enabled Routing, MANET, WSN, SON, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Particle Swarm OptimizationAbstract
AI-Enabled focus on strengthening routing security and performance in dynamic and heterogeneous networks such as MANETs, WSNs, and SONs. The need for this research arises from the increasing mobility of nodes, limited energy resources, and advanced adversarial threats that traditional routing mechanisms struggle to address. Protocols like AODV, DSDV, LEACH, ISDSR+, ACO-CBRP, and TDP are examined in this paper, along with AI-driven optimization methodologies and routing protocols like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), trust-distrust models, and blockchain-based technologies. Design objectives, security features, and performance trade-offs are examined to highlight strengths and weaknesses in current approaches. The analysis reveals key gaps such as dependency on trusted nodes, scalability issues, localization inaccuracies, and insufficient real-world validation. The findings emphasize the importance of decentralized trust mechanisms, lightweight on-device AI models, standardized evaluation testbeds, and energy-aware secure routing solutions to enhance reliability and adaptability for future network deployments.
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